Methodology
How United States data is produced: how visits are detected, how observations are scaled to population, and how privacy is enforced. Methodology follows the underlying signal, so what applies in United States is determined by its supply.
United States is served by GPS. Methodology for other signals does not apply here and is not shown.
Foundations
Home & work inference
Estimating the likely home and work areas of visitor groups, always at area level and never an address, to enable resident / worker / visitor breakdowns, trade areas, and visitor-only scoping for Visit Length.
Extrapolation
Scaling the observed sample of devices up to population-level visit estimates, so counts reflect real-world volume rather than sample size.
Privacy approach
Pine59 products are built for statistical use only, and no output can be linked to an individual person.
Per-model methodology
The pages above cover the foundations shared across United States. Model-specific facts, such as production lag and data flags, are shown on each dataset's page.